The Bureau of Nutrition at the Department of Health launched the “Iodine Village Community” initiative in 2022 and has since partnered with various sectors to underscore the importance of iodine intake for individuals of all ages. Iodine deficiency can lead to intellectual disabilities, impairing brain development and reducing the learning capacity of Thai children – who represent the future workforce of the nation. This deficiency affects individuals at all stages of life, with the most severe consequences occurring in fetuses and children up to three years old. A lack of iodine results in incomplete brain development, lowering IQ by 10-15 points and contributing to learning difficulties, stunted growth, enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and a diminished quality of life. Beyond individual impacts, iodine deficiency also results in economic losses and hinders social development.
Recent data from the Ministry of Public Health (2020–2024) indicate progress in reducing iodine deficiency among pregnant women, as reflected in median urinary iodine levels measured during 1st antenatal visit before iodine supplementation. These levels were recorded at 159.3, 154.9, 149.7, 150.2, and 161.2 micrograms per liter, respectively. These figures suggest that, on a national level, pregnant women are receiving iodine at or slightly above the recommended daily intake of 150 micrograms per liter.
Each year, on June 25th – designated as National Iodine Day – the Ministry of Public Health, through the Department of Health, collaborates with partner organizations to implement the National Iodine Deficiency Disease Control and Prevention Project. This initiative operates under the Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, established in 1989 under the patronage of HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.
In 2025, the Bureau of Nutrition at the Department of Health has launched the campaign "I Know Iodine". Recognizing salt iodization as the primary strategy for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders, this initiative aims to achieve universal salt iodization. While various food products can be iodized, salt remains the most practical choice due to its widespread use and affordability. To combat iodine deficiency, Thailand enforces iodine fortification in table salt (20-40 ppm) and in condiments such as fish sauce, protein-digested soy sauce, and cooking saltwater (2-3 ppm).
To further raise awareness, the Department of Health has developed a variety of educational materials, including informational documents, pamphlets, video clips, and audio broadcasts. These resources aim to educate the Thai population on the importance of iodine-rich foods, the use of iodized salt, and the inclusion of iodized seasoning products, such as fish sauce and soy sauce, in both household and restaurant cooking.
The Bureau of Nutrition is dedicated to promoting health literacy and providing nutrition education and services to women of childbearing age on an ongoing basis. It also ensures that they consume iodine-rich foods and drinks daily at least three (3) months before planning to conceive and then, continue taking Triferdine (iron+folic acid+iodine) once a week throughout pregnancy to maintain optimal urinary iodine levels. Through this initiative, the DOH aims to support the cognitive development, intelligence, and overall well-being of future generations.
